wehewehe huahana
ʻO ka ASTM A213 Grade T11 he paipu ferritic chromium -molybdenum (Cr-Mo) i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka mahu wela a me ka ʻea-pili kinoea. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka māka no nā ʻāpana amo - puʻe i loko o nā paila mana, nā HRSG, nā mea hoʻomehana petrochemical a me nā mea hoʻololi wela wela kiʻekiʻe kahi i hiki ʻole ai i ke kila kalapona ke hoʻopaʻa i ke kūpaʻa ʻana a i ʻole ka ikaika kolo.
Hāʻawi ʻo Octal Pipe i ka T11 ma ke ʻano maʻamau -a-tempered, me ka hoʻomalu dimensional, hoʻāʻo piha i ka ASTM A213/A1016 a me nā palapala wili, no laila hiki iā ia ke hele pololei i loko o ka paila a me ke kaʻina hana.
haku mele ʻana
| ʻElemu | Maʻiʻo (%) | Hana |
|---|---|---|
| C | 0.05 – 0.15 | Hāʻawi i ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa creep, noho weldable |
| ʻO Mn | 0.30 – 0.60 | Ductility, wela hana |
| ʻO Si | 0.50 – 1.00 | Kākoʻo i ka pale ʻana i ka oxidation |
| P | He emi a like paha me 0.025 | Ka palena o ka embrittlement |
| S | He emi a like paha me 0.025 | Hoʻomalu ʻia no ka paʻakikī |
| Cr | 1.00 – 1.50 | Hoʻonui i ka pale ʻana i ka mahu / kinoea puhi |
| Mo | 0.44 – 0.65 | Ka ikaika o ke kolo a me ka haki |
ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kēia koena chromium–molybdenum ma mua o T22 a i ʻole nā māka kiʻekiʻe aʻe -Cr, ʻo ia ke kumu e ʻoluʻolu ai ka T11 a hoʻopaʻa maʻalahi, akā e ola mau ana i ka lawelawe 500–600 degere.
Nā waiwai mīkini
| Waiwai | Koi | Ke kumu |
|---|---|---|
| Ka ikaika tensile | ʻOi aku a i ʻole like me 415 MPa (60 ksi) | Ka piha hoʻouka holoʻokoʻa |
| Ka ikaika hana (0.2%) | ʻOi aku a i ʻole like me 205 MPa (30 ksi) | Kāohi mau deformation |
| ʻO ka elongation | ʻOi aku a i ʻole like me 30% | Pono no ke kulou, wili, wiliwili |
| ʻoʻoleʻa | ʻOi aku a i ʻole like me 163 HBW | Mālama i ka paʻakikī no ke kaʻa kaʻa wela |
Kūlike kēia mau waiwai i ke kūlana hoʻopuka maʻamau-a-e hōʻike pinepine ʻia e nā papahana mana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
Ka hana ʻana a me ka mālama wela
No ka lawelawe ʻana i ka paipu paila he mea nui ke ala e like me ke kemika. Hoʻohana ʻo Octal Pipe i kahi ala ala ʻole ma lalo o ASTM A213/A1016:
- ua wela ka billet alloy -i ʻoki ʻia a i ʻole i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e hana i puka kani
- ua wela ka paipu
- hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka paipu ma kahi o 940-980 degere e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka matrix ferritic, wehe i ke kaula a hoʻohālikelike i nā waiwai mechanical ma ka lōʻihi.
- Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka paipu ma kahi o 675-755 degere e hoʻihoʻi i ka ductility a hoʻopaʻa i kahi hoʻopuehu maikaʻi o nā carbide ma kahi.
ʻO kēia pōʻaiapuni N+T ka mea e hāʻawi ai iā T11 i kona microstructure paʻa: hiki i ka chromium ke kūkulu i kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni paʻa paʻa, hiki i ka molybdenum ke hana i kāna hana i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, a ʻaʻole paʻakikī loa ka paipu i ka weld. Ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, hoʻopololei ʻia nā paipu, hoʻāʻo hydrostatically, a nānā ʻia e ke ʻano NDE i kauoha ʻia (eddy{3}}current a i ʻole ultrasonic) ma mua o ka hōʻailona ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu i hiki ke huli ʻia ka paipu i ka wela.
Laulā ana
| ʻĀpana | Laulā / kikoʻī |
|---|---|
| Anawaena waho | 12.7 – 127 mm (0.5 – 5 in) |
| Mānoanoa pā | 1.2 – 12 mm |
| Ka lōʻihi | A hiki i 12 m; SRL / DRL / ʻoki-i-lōʻihi |
| Hoʻopau hoʻopau | Māmā, beveled, a i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no ka U-piʻo / finning |
| OD hoʻomanawanui | maʻamau ± 1% (no ka ASTM A1016) |
| Ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana o ka pā | maʻamau ± 10% |
| Pololei | ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi a i ʻole like me 0.8 mm/m |
Hoʻopili kēia i nā paipu panel boiler maʻamau, nā wili mea hoʻomehana hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui, a me nā wili hoʻoheheʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
Hana lawelawe
I ka hana ʻana, hana ʻia ʻo T11 i ka chromium -oxyde waiwai nui, no laila ʻoi aku ka lohi o ka poho metala a me ke kūkulu ʻana i ka unahi-ma mua o ke kila kalapona. Hoʻolohi ka Molybdenum i ka kolo a me ka haki ʻana, he mea nui ia no nā paipu e noho ana ma lalo o ka mahana a me ke kaomi no nā kaukani hola. No ka mea, he ferrite maʻemaʻe ka hale, ʻae ka paipu i nā pōʻai hoʻomaka-hoʻoki i nā HRSG a me nā mea kanu cogeneration me ka ʻole e nalowale koke i ka pololei. Hoʻopaʻa paʻa nā welds ma hope o ka PWHT ke hoʻohana ʻia nā metala hoʻopiha piha haʻahaʻa.
Nā noi
- ʻO ka pā wai paila, ka mea hoʻomehana nui, ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou a me nā paipu economizer i nā mea kanu wela
- HRSG / hui ʻia-mea hana mahu
- nā mea hoʻomehana petrochemical a me ka hana hoʻoheheʻe
- kiʻekiʻe -mea hoʻololi wela -a me-paipu
- nā laina hoʻohana wela a me nā laina hana i loko o ka mana a me nā ʻāpana kemika
Nānā a me nā palapala
Hana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo e like me ASTM A213 a me nā koi maʻamau A1016. Aia i loko o ia ka ho'āʻo hydrostatic a i ʻole eddy -no ka maikaʻi o ka pā, ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a me ka paʻakikī i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana lapaʻau-wela, hoʻopalapala/ʻā e hōʻoia i ka ductility, me ka nānā ʻike a me ka nui. No nā papahana me ka QA/QC kiʻekiʻe, hiki i ka Octal Pipe ke hoʻohui i nā loiloi ultrasonic a i ʻole radiographic. Hāʻawi ʻia nā paipu āpau me EN 10204 3.1 a i ʻole 3.2 MTC i hiki i ka mea nona ke waiho i nā hopena kemika, mechanical a me NDE ma ka helu wela.
No ke aha ke kumu o ASTM A213 T11 mai Octal Pipe
- ʻO nā paipu Cr -Mo maoli i maʻamau-a-ʻano maʻamau, ʻaʻole wale nō maʻamau maʻamau -paipu hao.
- nā ana, nā ho'āʻo a me ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana me ka mana, boiler, HRSG a me nā kikoʻī refinery
- hoʻokuʻu aku-pūʻolo mākaukau me ka pale hope no ka hoʻouna ʻana -maʻamau
- ke kākoʻo ʻenekinia e hoʻokūkū i ka T11 me nā māka Cr-Mo (T22, A335 P11/P22) i ka wā e hoʻohana ai ka ʻāpana like i kekahi mau ʻala.
- ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao i kākau ʻia ka huahana -mua a me ka ʻenehana kikoʻī, e kōkua i kāu pūnaewele hou e hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻaoʻao mea hoʻolako, ʻaʻole maʻiʻo maʻiʻo.
FAQ
Q1: He aha ka ASTM A213 T11 paipu i hoʻohana ʻia no?
P2: He aha ka manaʻo o "1.25Cr-0.5Mo" no ka paipu T11?
Q3: Ua like anei ka ASME SA213 T11 me ka ASTM A213 T11?
Q4: I ka manawa hea au e koho ai i ka T11 ma kahi o ka paipu T22?
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