ASTM A335 P11 Paipu kila huila ʻole no ke kiʻekiʻe - lawelawe wela - BLOG

Nānā Mea

No ka ASTM A335 Grade P11ʻohana hao hao haʻahaʻa Cr-Mo (1–1.5% Cr, 0.5% Mo)hana ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana makiʻekiʻe -mahana a me kiʻekiʻe - ʻōnaehana mahu.He kaulike ia ma waena o ka ikaika mechanical, ka pale ʻana, a me ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana-pono no nā ʻāpana e like me nā coils superheater, nā poʻo kaomi, a me nā laina hoʻoili mahu. Mai ka manaʻo metallurgical, kamicrostructure ferritic-temperedʻO ka P11 e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻopuehu maikaʻi ʻana o nā carbide (ka nui o M₂₃C₆ a me M₆C), kahi e hoʻonui nui ai i kānakolo -haehae ke ola a me ke ano pa'a.
Hoʻolaha ʻo Chromium i kahipālākiō oxide (Cr₂O₃)ka hoʻokumu ʻana, e pale ana i ka scaling a me ka oxidation a hiki i 600 degere (1110 degere F), ʻoiai ʻo ka molybdenum e hoʻoikaika i ka lattice ferrite a hoʻolohi i ka dislocation creep.
I ka hui pū ʻana, hāʻawi kēia mau mea hoʻohui:

-manawa lōʻihikolo koloma lalo o ka haawe a me ka mahana.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka oxide paʻa e hōʻoia ana i ka pale ʻana i ka ʻili a me ka hana ʻino ʻana.
Maikaʻiweldabilitya me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka embrittlement ma hope o ke kaʻa kaʻa wela.
Nā pae kalapona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e mālama i ka paʻakikī a pale i ka coarsening palaoa.

Ma muli o kēia kūpaʻa metallurgical, noho mau ʻo ASTM A335 P11 i kekahi o nā mea maʻamau i kuhikuhi ʻia nonā paipu paila, nā mea hoʻomehana wela, a me nā paipu hanai ka hana mana a me ka hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe.

Na Waiwai Kemika a me Mekanika

ʻElemu	% Kaulana	Hana mua
Kalapona (C)	0.05 – 0.15	Hoʻonui i ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa kolo
Manganese (Mn)	0.30 – 0.60	Hoʻonui i ka hana wela a me ka ductility
Silika (Si)	0.50 – 1.00	Hoʻonui i ka pale ʻana i ka oxidation
ʻOka (P)	He emi a like paha me 0.025	Hoʻomalu i ka brittleness
Sulfur (S)	He emi a like paha me 0.025	Aids machinability
Chromium (Cr)	1.00 – 1.50	Hoʻokumu i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide pale
Molybdenum (Mo)	0.44 – 0.65	Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika mahanahana kiʻekiʻe-

Nā Koina Mechanical
ʻOi aku ka nui a i ʻole like me ka 415 MPa • ʻOi aku ka nui ma mua o a i ʻole like me 205 MPa • Elongation ʻoi aku ka nui a i ʻole like me 30 % • ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua a i ʻole like me 163 HBW

Hana Hana a me ka wela

Hana ʻia nā paipu ASTM A335 P11 ehoʻokuʻu wela ʻole a kiʻi anu, e hōʻoia ana i ka microstructure homogeneous a me ka mana kikoʻī.
Ke nānā pono ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu o ke kaʻina hana no ka mālama ʻana i ke kūpaʻa metallurgical a hōʻemi i nā hemahema o loko.

Ka Hana Hana a me ka Hana Hana

ʻO ka hoʻomehana ʻana a me ka ʻoi ʻana o ka Billet– Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā bila huila i 1100–1150 degere a hou ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano rotary e hana ai i kahi pūpū puha me ka kahe ʻana o ka palaoa.

Hoʻopau wela a i ʻole anu– Ua ʻōwili ʻia a huki ʻia nā paipu i ka mānoanoa o ka paia hope, a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻolili ʻana o ka ea a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa waena.

Hoʻoponopono maʻamau (940–980 degere)- Hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā hua ferritic, hoʻoheheʻe i nā carbide i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka like ʻana o ka ikaika.

Hoʻomāmā (675–755 degere)- Hoʻokuʻu i nā koʻikoʻi o loko, hoʻihoʻi i ka ductility, a hoʻopaʻa i ka morphology carbide no ka pale ʻana.

Nānā & Ho'āʻo– Loaʻa i ka ultrasonic a i ʻole eddy-NDT o kēia manawa, nā hoʻokolohua hydrostatic pressure, hōʻoia paʻakikī, a me ke ana ʻana.

Hāʻawi kēia hana wela -pālua i kahi-ʻano ferrite -ʻano matrixe kū'ē i ka embrittlement a mālama i ka ikaika mechanical i ka wā - lawelawe lō'ihi.
No nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, hoʻopaʻa -weld heat treatment (PWHT).hoʻihoʻi microstructural a me ka hoʻomaha hoʻoluhi hydrogen, ko'iko'i no ka hana 'ana i ka wela ki'eki'e.

Launa Ana

ʻĀpana	Laulā maʻamau
Mawaho Anawaena	12.7 – 610 mm (½ – 24 in)
Mānoanoa Pā	1.2 - 100 mm
Ka lōʻihi	A hiki i 12 m (SRL / DRL / ʻoki lōʻihi)
OD Hoomanawanui	± 1 %
WT Hoomanawanui	± 10 %
Pololei	ʻOi aku a i ʻole like me 0.8 mm / m

Loaʻa maʻo nā ʻaoʻao maʻamau, beveled, a i ʻole nā ʻaoʻao pilie like me nā koi hoʻokomo.

Kiʻekiʻe -Mahana Hana a me nā noi

I nā mahana hana e kokoke mai ana600 degere, Hōʻike ʻo ASTM A335 P11 i kahi kaulike kūʻokoʻa ma waenaka pale ʻana i ka oxidation, ka paʻa wela, a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka mīkini.
ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi ʻāpana chromium{0}}waiwai oxide mau e hoʻemi i ka scaling a me ka nalowale metala i ka wā lōʻihi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo ka molybdenum e kōkua ika paʻa ʻana o ka ikaika kolo a me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka coalescence microvoid.

Hana maikaʻi kēia huila i nā kaiapuni e pili anaka paikikala wela, ka mahu oxidation, a me ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaomi, mālama i ka paʻakikī a me ka kūpaʻa weld.

Nā Pono Hana

Paʻa ikaika o nā kolo:Hiki ke kūpaʻa i ka tensile a me ka haki ʻana ma luna o nā tausani o nā hola lawelawe.
ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka luhi wela:ʻO ka microstructure maikaʻi -ʻano liʻiliʻi e hōʻemi ana i ka pohā ʻana mai ka hoʻonui-kini hoʻoemi.
Hoʻonui wela haʻahaʻa:Mālama ka paʻa ʻana i ka weld alignment ma nā ʻōnaehana paipu paʻakikī.
Palekana ʻili:ʻO ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide paʻa e hōʻoia i ka liʻiliʻi o ka corrosion a me nā manawa nānā lōʻihi.

Nā noi

Hanana mana:ʻO nā paipu paila, nā wili wela nui, nā poʻomanaʻo hoʻomaha.
ʻO nā mea hoʻoheheʻe a me nā mea kanu Petrochemical:Kaʻina a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā paipu, nā paipu hoʻoponopono.
Nā Laina Hana Hana Hana:Nā pahu mahu a me nā ʻōnaehana wai hānai kiʻekiʻe.
Nā Moku Paʻi:No ka -lawelawe lōʻihi ma lalo o ka wela a me ke kaʻa kaʻa.

Nānā, Hōʻoia & Hoʻolako

Ua ho'āʻo a hōʻoia ʻia nā paipu P11 āpau e like meASTM A335 / A999aNā kūlana ASME SA335.
Hāʻawi pū ʻia kēlā me kēia hāʻawiNā Palapala Ho'āʻo Mill (EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2), e hōʻoia ana i ka traceability piha a me ka hoʻokō.

Aia nā protocols hoʻāʻo:

Nānā kani ultrasonic a i ʻole hydrostatic no ka maikaʻi o ka pā.
ʻO ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka tensile, ka paʻakikī, ka palahalaha, a me ka piko.
ʻO ka radioography koho a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hopena e like me ka kikoʻī o ka papahana.

Hāʻawi ʻo Octal Pipekākoʻo piha QA/QC, palapala nokaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (WPS/PQR), a me nā loiloi honua e hōʻoia i ka hāʻawi pono ʻana no ka EPC a me nā papahana ikehu ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

Hoʻokaʻaʻike i kēia manawa

FAQ

Q1: He aha ka ASTM A335 P22 (ASME SA335 P22) paipu i hoʻohana ʻia no?

A1:ʻO ka pipili lawelawe -kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe-pili i loko o nā mea kanu mana, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, a me nā ʻāpana petrochemical.

Q2: He aha ka manaʻo o "2.25Cr-1Mo" no P22 chrome moly pipe?

A2:E pili ana ia i ka hoʻolālā hao (ma kahi o 2.25% Cr + 1% Mo) e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka kolo a me ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻokahe ʻana i nā wela kiʻekiʻe.

Q3: He aha ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela e koi pinepine ʻia no ASTM A335 P22 paipu ʻole?

A3:ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana (N+T) me nā moʻolelo lapaʻau wela i kākau ʻia.

N4: I ka manawa hea e koho ai au iā P22 ma kahi o P11 a i ʻole P91?

A4:E koho i ka P22 ma ke 'ano he papa waena -no ka hana wela ki'eki'e a'e ma mua o P11, oiai e pale ana i ka mana pa'a a me ke kumu kū'ai ki'eki'e e pili pinepine ana me P91.

Q5: He aha kaʻu e noi ai e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka paipu P22 ma mua o ke kūʻai?

A5:EN 10204 3.1/3.2 MTC me ka huli ʻana o ka wela, nā hopena mechanical/kemika, paʻakikī, a me ka hoʻāʻo hydrostatic a i ʻole UT e like me ka mea i kuhikuhi ʻia.